Monocirrhus polyacanthus - Amazon Leaffish
Description of the species of Monocirrhus polyacanthus:
Monocirrhus polyacanthus Heckel, 1840
Leaffish is a species native to the Amazon basin that inhabits lentic environments of dark waters rich in humic and tannic acids produced by the large amount of decaying logs and leaves that fall into the river. They have a protractile mouth that assists in the capture of prey, feeding mainly on fish and crustaceans.
Leaffish has the appearance and behavior of a fallen leaf floating.
It has a coloration that varies from intense yellow to dark brown, and uses its shape and body posture similar to that of dry leaves, as camouflage and protection against predators, and to capture its prey.
This mimetic fish, has an outgrowth of the lower lip that looks like a leaf petiole, moves by means of transparent fins, and along the way it devours prey with its huge mouth.
Monocirrhus polyacanthus does not have the behavior of group fish, so it can be raised in groups or individually. As it is a predator, it should be raised with fish larger than the mouth opening and when in captivity, it is important that the aquarium has shelters and substrates such as submerged leaves, plants, trunks and branches, to provide an environment more suited to its behavior to camouflage yourself.
In its natural environment, live food causes vibrations in the water that serve as an attraction to leaffish. Their food in the aquarium is live bait, for example: shrimp or little fishes.
Polycentridae is a small family of Acanthopterygii, formed by only four valid genera, all monotypic: Africans Afronandus and Polycentropsis, and South Americans Monocirrhus and Polycentrus.
Monocirrhus can be easily distinguished from Polycentrus by the presence of a mandibular filament and by the caudal fin almost entirely covered with scales. In addition, the Monocirrhus has the edge of the lacrimal and pre-opercular bone smooth, while the Polycentrus has saws on the ventral edge of the lacrimal and pre-opercular. These species are small, usually reaching up to 9 cm in length.
In Monocirrhus polyacanthus, the absence of a lateral line, the extremely large and protactable mouth, the filament in the lower jaw that resembles a leaf petiole, the shape of the body (compressed and lozenge), the manner and the habit of swimming (inclined and drift) and the pattern of the colorful color goes from brownish to black, provide these fish with the ability to mimic a dead leaf adrift and be a master of stealth behavior.
Monocirrhus polyacanthus Heckel, 1840
According to FISHBASE:
Kingdom = Animalia ; Phylum = Chordata ; Class = Actinopterygii ; Order = Perciformes ; Family = Polycentridae ; Genus = Monocirrhus.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Columbia, and Venezuela.
Size - Maximum Length: 8,0 cm.
Synonyms: Monocirrhus polyacanthus, Monocirrhus mimophyllus.
Common name of Monocirrhus polyacanthus: Peixe-folha; Pirá-cará(Brasil), South American Leaf Fish, Amazon leaffish (EUA).
Reference: Britz, R. and S.O. Kullander, 2002. Polycentridae (Leaffishes). p. 603-604. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
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Get to know other species by clicking on the links below:
Crenicichla (Genus) - Pike Cichlid
Loricariidae (Family) - Plecos
Symphysodon discus (Varieties) - Wild Discus
Ornamental Fish from the Amazon
References:
FISHBASE = https://www.fishbase.de/summary//Monocirrhus-polyacanthus
INSTRUÇÃO NORMATIVA INTERMINISTERIAL N°1, DE 3 DE JANEIRO DE 2012. Diário Oficial da União – Seção I, Nº3, quarta-feira, 4 de janeiro de 2012, páginas 26 a 42 – ISSN 1677-7042 INI MPA-MMA (n01-2012 - Peixes Ornamentais Continentais.pdf)
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Ohara, W. M., Lima, F. C. T., Salvador, G. N., Andrade, M. C. 2017. Peixes do rio Teles Pires: Diversidade e Guia de Identificação. Goiânia: Gráfica e Editora Amazonas, 2017. 404p.
Queiroz, L. J.; Vilara, G. T.; Ohara, W. M.; Pires, T. H. S.; Zuanon, J.; Doria, C. R. C. Peixes do Rio Madeira. São Paulo. Vol.3. 2013.
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Astronotus ocellatus - Acará-açu
Acarichthys heckelii - Acarazinho Requeu
Apistogramma (Gênero) - Acará Anão
Biotodoma cupido - Acará Salema
Biotecus opercularis - Acará Saracá
Caquetaia spectabilis - Acará Pérola
Carnegiella (Gênero Peixe-borboleta)
Carnegiella marthae - Peixe-borboleta-prateada
Carnegiella schereri - Peixe-borboleta-de-pontos
Carnegiella strigata - Peixe-borboleta-listrada
Chalceus (Gênero) - Peixe Araripirá
Chalceus erythrurus - Peixe Rabo de Fogo
Chalceus macrolepidotus - Peixe Arari Vermelho
Copella arnoldi - Peixe Piratantã
Gnathocharax steindachneri - Tetra-aruanã
Hemigrammus bleheri - Rodostomus
Hemigrammus stictus - Tetra Stictus
Hemiodus gracilis - Cruzeiro-do-Sul
Heterocharax macrolepis - Tetra Violeta
Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis - Tetra Cachimbo
Hyphessobrycon copelandi - Tetra Pena
Hyphessobrycon eque - Tetra Mato Grosso
Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis - Tetra Limão
Hyphessobrycon scutulatus - Tetra Ouro
Hyphessobrycon vilmae - Neon Chocolate
Leporinus fasciatu - Piau-flamengo
Nannostomus eque - Peixe-lápis Marrom
Nannostomus unifasciatus - Peixe-lápis 1 linha
Paracheirodon axelrodi - Tetra Cardinal
Paracheirodon innesi - Tetra Neon
Colomesus asellus - Baiacu Amazônico
Crenicichla (Gênero) - Jacundás
Crenicichla acutirostris - Jacundá Flamengo
Crenicichla johanna - Jacundá Olho de Fogo
Crenicichla lugubris - Jacundá Vermelho
Crenicichla macrophthalma - Jacundá Olhudo
Crenicichla marmorata - Jacundá de Mármore
Crenicichla regani - Jacundá de Folha
Crenicichla stocki - Jacundá da Linha Branca
Crenicichla strigata - Jacunda Riscado
Crenicichla vittata - Jacundá Banana
Dicrossus maculatus - Xadrezinho
Geophagus (Gênero) - Chaperema
Geophagus altifrons - Chaperema Amarelo
Geophagus megasema - Chaperema Vermelho
Geophagus proximus - Chaperema Mancha de Olho
Heros efasciatus - Acará Severo
Heros notatus - Acará Severo de Pontos
Heros severus - Acará Severo Peba
Laetacara curvicep - Acara curviceps
Loricariidae (Família) - Plecos
Baryancistrus sp. "L142" - Acari Bola Branca "LDA 33"
Farlowella amazona - Peixe Galho
Hemiancistrus sabaji "L075" - Acari Tigre de Bola
Hemiancistrus snethlageae "L141" - Acari Aba Branca
Hypancistrus sp. "L260" - Acari Pão
Hypancistrus sp. "L262" - Acari Pão Pigmentado
Hypancistrus sp. "L333" - Acari Pão Alenquer
Hypancistrus zebra - Acari Zebra
Hypostomus soniai "L137" - Acari Violeta
Leporacanthicus joselimai "L264" - Acari Onça
Panaque armbrusteri "L027" - Acari Boi de Bota
Panaque sp "L271" - Acari Cara de Pão
Peckoltia compta "L134" - Acari Picota Ouro
Peckoltia vittata "L015" - Acari Teoro
Pseudacanthicus sp. "L097" - AcarI Assacu
Pseudacanthicus sp. "L273" - Acari Red Titanic
Pseudacanthicus sp. "L273" - Acari Yellow Titanic
Pseudancistrus sp. "L259" - Acari Cara Chata
Scobinancistrus pariolispos "L133" - Acari Cotia
Spectracanthicus murinus - Acari Bicudo
Mesonauta festivus - Acará Festivo
Monocirrhus polyacanthus - Peixe Folha
Pterophyllum scalare - Acará Bandeira
Retroculus xinguensis - Acará Xinguensis
Satanoperca acuticeps - Acará 5 Pontos
Satanoperca jurupari - Acará Jurupari
Satanoperca lilith - Acará 3 Pontos
Satanoperca pappaterra - Acarazinho
Symphysodon aequifasciatus - Acará Disco
Symphysodon discus (Variedades) - Acará Disco
Symphysodon discus - BARRA MANSA
Symphysodon discus - BLUE FACE
Symphysodon discus - GRAY GREEN
Symphysodon discus - LAGO GRANDE
Symphysodon discus - ORANGE LAGO GRANDE
Symphysodon discus - SEMIROYAL
Taeniacara candidi - Torpedinho
Teleocichla proselytus - Jacundá da Pedra
Uaru amphiacanthoides - Acará Baru
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