Identification key species Hyphessobrycon copelandi : Feather tetra

Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin, 1908

1 ”- Teeth always spit, bulky or compressed .....................23

23 ”- Dental teeth in a single series; pre-maxillary teeth in two rows (except for Creagrutus spp., and Bryconops alburnoides, which also have 3 rows); non-continuous orbital ring, in most cases without the supraorbital bone, in the few cases in which it is present, not contacting the antorbital bone and / or the sixth infraorbital bone .................................................31

31 ”- Infraorbital series usually incomplete, supraorbital, when not absent, not in contact with the other bones of the orbital series, causing the frontal bone to participate in the delimitation of the orbit; body from tall to elongated, typically showing dark marks (humeral stain, pigmentation of the caudal fin), not resembling specimens of the order Clupeiformes ........33

33 - Tall to elongated body, typically more than 25% in standard length (except Bryconops spp. And Aphyocharax spp.); compressed or bulky teeth, but never pedicellated (i.e., without a base / nail, “crown” directly implanted in the mandibular bones); gill membranes free from each other and attached to the isthmus; dorsal fin typically at mid-body height (except for Chrysobrycon sp.) ..............................................................................................38

38 ”- Pseudotympanum present or absent; humeral spot usually present; tapered, tricuspid or multicuspid teeth, in the latter case, usually not compressed (ie, bulky) and quite differentiated in size, gradually smaller from the symphysis (species with compressed teeth and similar size that follow from this step, such as Jupiaba acanthogaster , does not have a pseudotympanum) .......................................................................47

47 ”- Two series of teeth in the premaxilla (except Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, H. sweglesi,‘ Cheirodon ”troenmerie Petitella georgiae); complete or incomplete lateral line ..............................................60

60 ”- Pseudotympanum generally absent, when present is not conspicuous (except in some species of Hyphessobrycon); little or nothing translucent body in life; colored typically more diverse than described above ............................................................................................................64

64 ”- Short to medium maxillary bone, typically not reaching the contact region of the second and third infraorbital bones, and without pronounced curvature in the anterior region ........................................................70

70 ”- Typically 5 or more teeth in the internal series of the premaxilla; typically 9 branched rays on the dorsal fin; body from elongated to high ..............................................................................................................81

81 ”- Incomplete lateral line ............................................................126

126 ”- Lower lobe of the caudal fin of the same size as the upper lobe, without dark band; anal fin typically with more than 15 branched rays, anal fin lobe always less than the length of the base of the fin (except Hemigrammys hyanuarye H. analis) ........................................................................128

128 ’- Dorsal fin with a large dark spot on the medial-distal portion of the fin (see also Microschemobrycon melanotus) ....................................129

129 ”- Anal fin typically hyaline or with some dark pigmentation, but never forming a vertical black stripe .........................................................130

130 ”- Teeth of the internal series of the premaxillary, dental and maxillary pentacuspid to heptacuspid; up to three teeth in the jaw, most pentacuspidated .................................................................................134

134 '- Conspicuous black humeral macula, slightly rounded or vertically elongated .............................................................................................135

135 ”- Pre-maxillary teeth in two series, pentacuspidated ..............136

136 ’- Anal fin relatively hyaline or with chromatophores evenly distributed; anterior profile of the anal fin usually concave, sometimes previously falcate; black spot on the dorsal fin normally restricted to its mediodorsal portion ........................................................... Hyphessobrycon copelandi