Chalceus Genus

PÁGINA INICIAL > PEIXES ORNAMENTAIS DA AMAZÔNIA > Ordem dos Characiformes > Gênero Chalceus > Chalceus Genus

The characid Chalceus genus includes species that are relatively common in rivers in the Amazon, the Orinoco watershed and the flooded areas of Guyana.

These fish reach up to 30 cm in length and are easily recognized for having a shiny silver body, red fins and large scales, attributes for which they are used in aquariums.

Géry recognized as valid only two species of Chalceus: Chalceus macrolepidotus and Chalceus erythrurus.

These two nominal forms were distinguished based on the color pattern, and mainly in the presence of a humeral stain on Chalceus erythrurus, which is absent on Chalceus macrolepidotus, together with differences in the color of the fins of the fish in life.

The Chalceus genus is diagnosed phylogenetically based on the following synapomorphies:

a) Presence of supramaxilla;
b) Three series of teeth on premaxilla;
c) Internal series of dentary teeth formed by a large symphyseal conical tooth followed by a gap and a series of smaller conical teeth;
d) Reduced anterolateral process of mesethmoid;
e) Scales situated dorsal to lateral line much larger than those ventral to it;
f) Relative size of scales along lateral line other than on caudal peduncle alternatively large and small. In addition, the combination of the following characters is useful to distinguish the species of Chalceus among characiforms: bright silvery body, red fins and short anal fin.

After a taxonomic review, the neotropical characid fish of the genus Chalceus Cuvier, 1817, had a total of 5 recognized species (including three new species): Chalceus epakros, Chalceus guaporensis, Chalceus spilogyros, Chalceus macrolepidotus and Chalceus erythrurus.

Below are links to more known species:

Chalceus erythrurus

Chalceus macrolepidotus

Identification Key for the species of the Chalceus genus:

1 - Absence of distinct spots or conspicuous stripes of dark pigmentation on body (except for wide and inconspicuous longitudinal band formed by chromatophores located superficially in the skin in some specimens during reproductive period) ...........................................Chalceus macrolepidotus
1 " - Presence of dark pigmentation forming humeral spots or stripes ................................................................................2
2 - Humeral spot absent or poorly defined, round to vertically elongate and located deep under scales; presence of narrow longitudinal dark stripe from posterodorsal margin of opercle to caudal peduncle; snout relatively acute; median fontanel between frontals and parietals absent .................................................................................4
2 " - Presence of conspicuous humeral spot, round in shape and located superficially beneath scales; lateral surface of body usually with reticulate pattern; snout rounded; median fontanel present between frontals and parietals ....................................................................3
3 - Humeral spot with notch on its posterodorsal margin; reticulate pattern of body coloration more evident along series of scales posterior to humeral blotch; pelvic and anal fins dark; caudal-fin lobes robust and rounded .................................................Chalceus erythrurus
3 " - Humeral spot without notch on its posterodorsal margin; reticulate pattern of body coloration uniformly distributed over lateral and dorsal portions of body; pelvic and anal fins hyaline; caudal-fin lobes elongate and slender .................................Chalceus spilogyros
4 - Number of branched pelvic-fin rays 7 .................Chalceus guaporensis
4 " - Number of branched pelvic-fin rays 8 ..............Chalceus epakros

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Get to know other species by clicking on the links below:

Characiformes (Order)

Cichlidae (Family)

Crenicichla (Genus) - Pike Cichlid

Geophagus (Genus)

Loricariidae (Family) - Plecos

Symphysodon discus (Varieties) - Wild Discus

Ornamental Fish from the Amazon

References:

INSTRUÇÃO NORMATIVA INTERMINISTERIAL N°1, DE 3 DE JANEIRO DE 2012. Diário Oficial da União – Seção I, Nº3, quarta-feira, 4 de janeiro de 2012, páginas 26 a 42 – ISSN 1677-7042 INI MPA-MMA (n01-2012 - Peixes Ornamentais Continentais.pdf)

Burt, A., D.L. Kramer, K. Nakatsuru and C. Spry, 1988. The tempo of reproduction in Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis (Characidae), with a discussion on the biology of 'multiple spawning' in fishes. Environ. Biol. Fish. 22(1):15-27.

Géry, J., 1977. Characoids of the world. Neptune City ; Reigate : T.F.H. [etc.]; 672 p. : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 23 cm.

Lima, F.C.T., L.R. Malabarba, P.A. Buckup, J.F. Pezzi da Silva, R.P. Vari, A. Harold, R. Benine, O.T. Oyakawa, C.S. Pavanelli, N.A. Menezes, C.A.S. Lucena, M.C.S.L. Malabarba, Z.M.S. Lucena, R.E. Reis, F. Langeani, C. Moreira et al. …, 2003. Genera Incertae Sedis in Characidae. p. 106-168. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.

Lucena, C.A.S. and N.A. Menezes, 2003. Subfamily Characinae (Characins, tetras). p. 200-208. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.

Mattox, G.M.T., Britz, R., Toledo-Piza, M. & Marinho, M.M.F. (2013): Cyanogaster noctivaga, a remarkable new genus and species of miniature fish from the Rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4) [2012]: 297-318.

Moreira, C.R. 2007. Relações filogenéticas na ordem Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi). Tese de doutorado não publicada, Universidade de São Paulo, 468p.

Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.; Buckup P.A.: "Relationships of the Characidiinae and phylogeny of characiform fishes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)", Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes, L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M. Lucena, eds. (Porto Alegre: Edipucr) 1998:123-144.

Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail, 1996. Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 1. Collection du Patrimoine Naturel Volume 22, MNHN, Paris & INRA, Paris. 429 p.

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p.

Weitzman, M. and S.H. Weitzman, 2003. Lebiasinidae (Pencil fishes). p. 241-251. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.

Weitzman, S.H. and L. Palmer, 1997. A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from Neblina region of Venezuela and Brazil, with comments on the putative 'rosy tetra clade'. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 7(3/4):209-242.

Copella arnoldi: Copella, Piratantã, Splash Tetra, Jumping Characin

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